Class : 2SA01
NPM : 12613947
Individual,
Family and Community
- Individual
a.
Definition
Individuals derived from the Latin word meaning individual undivided .. individual emphasize inquiry to the realities of life are special and how to affect human lives (Abu Ahmadi, 1991: 23).
Individuals not mean humans as a whole that can not be divided, but as a finite entity, ie as individual human beings.
Individual is a man who not only has a special role in the social environment, but also has a personality as well as his specific behavior patterns.
There are three aspects which are attached as the perception of the individual, the organic aspects of physical, psychological-spiritual aspects, and social aspects in the event of a shock at some aspects will take effect on other aspects.
Individuals in behavior according to his personal pattern there are 3 possibilities: first to deviate from the norm of collective loss of individuality, the second defeat of the collective, and the third affects the community (Hartomo, 2004: 64).
Individuals will not be clearly identified in the absence of a society into the background which is existence. Individuals trying to distance himself and process to form a behavior that is consistent with the circumstances and in accordance with the behavioral habits that have existed in him.
Man Individual are in the midst of a group of individuals who at once and maturity to become a person who process requires an environment that can shape it personal. However, not all environments supporting factors of personal formation but sometimes a barrier to the process of personal formation.
Individuals derived from the Latin word meaning individual undivided .. individual emphasize inquiry to the realities of life are special and how to affect human lives (Abu Ahmadi, 1991: 23).
Individuals not mean humans as a whole that can not be divided, but as a finite entity, ie as individual human beings.
Individual is a man who not only has a special role in the social environment, but also has a personality as well as his specific behavior patterns.
There are three aspects which are attached as the perception of the individual, the organic aspects of physical, psychological-spiritual aspects, and social aspects in the event of a shock at some aspects will take effect on other aspects.
Individuals in behavior according to his personal pattern there are 3 possibilities: first to deviate from the norm of collective loss of individuality, the second defeat of the collective, and the third affects the community (Hartomo, 2004: 64).
Individuals will not be clearly identified in the absence of a society into the background which is existence. Individuals trying to distance himself and process to form a behavior that is consistent with the circumstances and in accordance with the behavioral habits that have existed in him.
Man Individual are in the midst of a group of individuals who at once and maturity to become a person who process requires an environment that can shape it personal. However, not all environments supporting factors of personal formation but sometimes a barrier to the process of personal formation.
b.
Individual
development
Human at birth appears to be very weak, but the baby has a lot of possibilities to develop. Babies processing to be a child and the child will grow into adults.
The principles of human development are as follows:
1) Development of follow certain patterns and takes place on a regular basis.
2) The development towards differentiation and integration of movements that are mass toward specific movements.
3) Growth and development does not occur suddenly but gradually take place regularly and continuously.
4) A high level of development is influenced by the nature of previous developments.
5) The development of a child is different from other children, both in the
Human at birth appears to be very weak, but the baby has a lot of possibilities to develop. Babies processing to be a child and the child will grow into adults.
The principles of human development are as follows:
1) Development of follow certain patterns and takes place on a regular basis.
2) The development towards differentiation and integration of movements that are mass toward specific movements.
3) Growth and development does not occur suddenly but gradually take place regularly and continuously.
4) A high level of development is influenced by the nature of previous developments.
5) The development of a child is different from other children, both in the
development of
each aspect of mental as well as rapid or slow the development of (Hartomo,
2004: 69).
Environmental influences on individuals and communities in particular to the formation of individuality is great, but otherwise the individual was capable of influencing the public. The ability of individuals is a priority in relation to humans.
Environmental influences on individuals and communities in particular to the formation of individuality is great, but otherwise the individual was capable of influencing the public. The ability of individuals is a priority in relation to humans.
2.
Family
a.
Definition
The family is a group of people living in part or whole
building who live together and eat from the kitchen are not limited to those
who have a blood relative, or someone who inhabit some or all of the buildings
that takes care of his own needs.
The family comes from Sanskrit: kula and citizens "kulawarga" which means "members" "kin group". The family is the environment in which a few people who still have blood relations, united.
Family a core ("nuclear family") consisting of father, mother, and their children.
Understanding The family is the smallest unit of society consisting of head of the family and some of the people who collected and live in a place under a roof in a state of mutual dependence. (According to the Ministry of Health (1998).
A collection of some people who because bound by the derivative and understand and feel stands as one combined intrinsic, essential, tasty and wills together reinforce the joint to glorify each of its members. (Ki Hajar Dewantara)
The family comes from Sanskrit: kula and citizens "kulawarga" which means "members" "kin group". The family is the environment in which a few people who still have blood relations, united.
Family a core ("nuclear family") consisting of father, mother, and their children.
Understanding The family is the smallest unit of society consisting of head of the family and some of the people who collected and live in a place under a roof in a state of mutual dependence. (According to the Ministry of Health (1998).
A collection of some people who because bound by the derivative and understand and feel stands as one combined intrinsic, essential, tasty and wills together reinforce the joint to glorify each of its members. (Ki Hajar Dewantara)
b.
Role in the family
Contained in
various roles within the family are as follows:
1. The role of father: Dad as the husband of his wife and children, a role as breadwinners, educator, protector and provider safety, as the head of the family, as a member of a social group as well as members of social groups as well as members of the environmental community.
2. Role Mother: As a wife and mother of his children, the mother has a role to take care of the household, as caregivers and educators of their children, protective and as one of a group of social roles as well as community members from the environment, but it is also the mother can act as a secondary earner in the family.
3. Role of Children: Children perform the role of psychosocial accordance with the level of development of physical, mental, social, and spiritual.
1. The role of father: Dad as the husband of his wife and children, a role as breadwinners, educator, protector and provider safety, as the head of the family, as a member of a social group as well as members of social groups as well as members of the environmental community.
2. Role Mother: As a wife and mother of his children, the mother has a role to take care of the household, as caregivers and educators of their children, protective and as one of a group of social roles as well as community members from the environment, but it is also the mother can act as a secondary earner in the family.
3. Role of Children: Children perform the role of psychosocial accordance with the level of development of physical, mental, social, and spiritual.
c.
Family duties
Tasks Family
Basically there are eight family duties following main tasks:
1. Physical Maintenance and family members.
2. Maintenance of the resources that exist in the family.
3. The division of tasks of each of its members in accordance with their respective position.
4. Socialization among family members.
5. Setting the number of family members.
6. Maintenance order family members.
7. Placement of family members in the wider society.
8. Generating encouragement and spirit of its members.
1. Physical Maintenance and family members.
2. Maintenance of the resources that exist in the family.
3. The division of tasks of each of its members in accordance with their respective position.
4. Socialization among family members.
5. Setting the number of family members.
6. Maintenance order family members.
7. Placement of family members in the wider society.
8. Generating encouragement and spirit of its members.
d.
Family function
Family
Functions There are several functions that can run the family, as follows:
1. Function of Education. In this case the task is to educate families and send their children to prepare for adulthood and the future of adult children in future.
2. The function of socialization of the child. Family duties in carrying out this function is how families prepare children to become good members of society.
3. Protection Functions. The task of the family in this case is to protect children from acts that are not good, so family members feel protected and feel safe.
4. Function feeling. Tasks in this family is keeping it instuitif feeling and atmosphere of the child and other members to communicate and interact among fellow members of the family. So that mutual understanding of each other in fostering harmony in the family.
5. Religious Functions. Family duties in this function is to introduce and invite children and other family members in religious life, and the task of the head of the family to instill the belief that there are other beliefs that govern this life and there is another life after this world.
6. Economical function. The task of the head of the family in this case is to find the sources of life in fulfilling the functions of the family, the head of the family to work to earn money, regulate the income, such that it can meet the needs of family-necessary
7. Functions recreation. The task of the family in this recreation function does not have to always go to a place of recreation, but it is important how to create a pleasant atmosphere in the family so that it can be done at home by watching TV together, talked about each other's experiences, etc.
8. Biological Functions. The main task of the family in this case is to continue the descent as the next generation.
9. Giving affection, attention, and security between family, as well as fostering personality maturation family members.
That the family has a function as satisfying the individual needs, can be designated a concrete example for example in the field of love., Sexual needs, and the need to keep personal secrets.
Reproductive function implies breed, or breed. Is not hardly a husband and wife who do not want to have children?
The function of socialization, the question is the duty of every father and mother to guide, or introduce and understand the norms of life to their children. This is also related to put the child function in society, so that the children understand manners association with the people around him.
1. Function of Education. In this case the task is to educate families and send their children to prepare for adulthood and the future of adult children in future.
2. The function of socialization of the child. Family duties in carrying out this function is how families prepare children to become good members of society.
3. Protection Functions. The task of the family in this case is to protect children from acts that are not good, so family members feel protected and feel safe.
4. Function feeling. Tasks in this family is keeping it instuitif feeling and atmosphere of the child and other members to communicate and interact among fellow members of the family. So that mutual understanding of each other in fostering harmony in the family.
5. Religious Functions. Family duties in this function is to introduce and invite children and other family members in religious life, and the task of the head of the family to instill the belief that there are other beliefs that govern this life and there is another life after this world.
6. Economical function. The task of the head of the family in this case is to find the sources of life in fulfilling the functions of the family, the head of the family to work to earn money, regulate the income, such that it can meet the needs of family-necessary
7. Functions recreation. The task of the family in this recreation function does not have to always go to a place of recreation, but it is important how to create a pleasant atmosphere in the family so that it can be done at home by watching TV together, talked about each other's experiences, etc.
8. Biological Functions. The main task of the family in this case is to continue the descent as the next generation.
9. Giving affection, attention, and security between family, as well as fostering personality maturation family members.
That the family has a function as satisfying the individual needs, can be designated a concrete example for example in the field of love., Sexual needs, and the need to keep personal secrets.
Reproductive function implies breed, or breed. Is not hardly a husband and wife who do not want to have children?
The function of socialization, the question is the duty of every father and mother to guide, or introduce and understand the norms of life to their children. This is also related to put the child function in society, so that the children understand manners association with the people around him.
While sexual
adjustment function, is a function to preserve or cultivate the rules of
intercourse in humans. Sexual arrangements as a family function, implemented in
the following way:
1. To Embed validity norms (norm of legitimacy) in sex. For example, should not be related sex with a person who is not a legitimate wife or husband.
2. Enforcing taboos in sex with close relatives. For example: taboo sex with close relatives or in the engagement period.
3. Prevent irregularities in sexual intercourse. For example: adultery, cement leven (cohabiting), concubinage (konkubinasi), and give birth before marriage.
And social function in question is the duty of every father and mother to always supervise or control their children, so as not to deviate or break the rules came into effect social life.
1. To Embed validity norms (norm of legitimacy) in sex. For example, should not be related sex with a person who is not a legitimate wife or husband.
2. Enforcing taboos in sex with close relatives. For example: taboo sex with close relatives or in the engagement period.
3. Prevent irregularities in sexual intercourse. For example: adultery, cement leven (cohabiting), concubinage (konkubinasi), and give birth before marriage.
And social function in question is the duty of every father and mother to always supervise or control their children, so as not to deviate or break the rules came into effect social life.
e.
Rupture Family
The causes of the breakup of the family according to
William J.Goode are:
1. Illegality marriage, which can lead to disruption of the function of a husband and wife.
2. divorce, or annulment of marriage.
3. Parting because one (husband or wife) died.
4. Family blank membrane, is a husband and wife who have actually been broken, but because it is not possible to divorce the child factor. They still remain a house, but had not mutually communicate.
5. Failure role, because of physical or mental disability.
6. Farewell because of the custom. Suppose that occurs in the family tribe Ashanti (Ghana, Africa). New brides at this rate, after marriage should be returned to live with their respective parents, seeing as the bond of indigenous local customs.
1. Illegality marriage, which can lead to disruption of the function of a husband and wife.
2. divorce, or annulment of marriage.
3. Parting because one (husband or wife) died.
4. Family blank membrane, is a husband and wife who have actually been broken, but because it is not possible to divorce the child factor. They still remain a house, but had not mutually communicate.
5. Failure role, because of physical or mental disability.
6. Farewell because of the custom. Suppose that occurs in the family tribe Ashanti (Ghana, Africa). New brides at this rate, after marriage should be returned to live with their respective parents, seeing as the bond of indigenous local customs.
f.
Characteristics of family
It can be concluded that family characteristics are:
1. It consists of two or more individuals are bound by blood, marriage or adoption
2. Family members usually live together or if they remain separate for each other
3. The family members interact with each other and each has a social role: husband, wife, son, brother and sister
4. Having goals: creating and maintaining a culture, improve their physical, psychological, and social members.
1. It consists of two or more individuals are bound by blood, marriage or adoption
2. Family members usually live together or if they remain separate for each other
3. The family members interact with each other and each has a social role: husband, wife, son, brother and sister
4. Having goals: creating and maintaining a culture, improve their physical, psychological, and social members.
g.
Structures of family
1.
patrilineal: blood family consisting of relatives by
blood in a few generations, where the relationship was arranged through the
father
2.
matrilineal: blood family consisting of relatives by
blood within a few generations in which the relationship was arranged through
the maternal line
3.
matrilocal: a
married couple who lived with the mother's blood
4.
patrilocal: a married couple who lived with the husband's
blood
5.
Family marriage:
marital relationship as a basis for the development of the family, and some
relatives who become part of the family because of their relationship with
their husband or wife.
h.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY INDONESIA
1. Husband as decision makers
2. It is a unified whole
3. Shaped monogram
4. Responsible
5. Decision-makers
6. Continuing the cultural values of the nation
7. familial bond very closely
8. Has the spirit of mutual help
1. Husband as decision makers
2. It is a unified whole
3. Shaped monogram
4. Responsible
5. Decision-makers
6. Continuing the cultural values of the nation
7. familial bond very closely
8. Has the spirit of mutual help
i.
Problems
in the family
a.
Income
b.
children
c.
Attendance
other party
d.
Sex
e.
Faith
f.
Laws
g.
Various
Difference
h.
Communication
limited
3. Society
a.
Definition
Humans are creatures who have a desire to merge with each other and the natural environment. By using thoughts, instincts, feelings, desires, etc. humans react and interact with the environment. Social interaction patterns generated by a continuous relationship in a society.
Here below are some of the public understanding of some sociologists world.
1. According Selo Sumardjan society are people who live together and produce culture.
2. According to Karl Marx is a society that is suffering from a tension structure or development of the organization as a result of conflict between groups divided economically.
3. According to Emile Durkheim society is an objective reality individuals who are members.
4. According to Paul B. Horton & C. Hunt human society is a collection of relatively independent, living together in a long time, living in a particular area, have the same culture as well as do most of the activities in the group / the human body .
Humans are creatures who have a desire to merge with each other and the natural environment. By using thoughts, instincts, feelings, desires, etc. humans react and interact with the environment. Social interaction patterns generated by a continuous relationship in a society.
Here below are some of the public understanding of some sociologists world.
1. According Selo Sumardjan society are people who live together and produce culture.
2. According to Karl Marx is a society that is suffering from a tension structure or development of the organization as a result of conflict between groups divided economically.
3. According to Emile Durkheim society is an objective reality individuals who are members.
4. According to Paul B. Horton & C. Hunt human society is a collection of relatively independent, living together in a long time, living in a particular area, have the same culture as well as do most of the activities in the group / the human body .
b.
Factors / Elements
Society
According Soerjono Soekarno natural society at least contain the following elements as:
1. consisting of at last two people
2. Members realized as a whole.
3. Connect the long time that produce new man communicating and making the rules of the relationship between members of the public.
4. Being a system that raises living together culture and relation to one another as members of society.
According Soerjono Soekarno natural society at least contain the following elements as:
1. consisting of at last two people
2. Members realized as a whole.
3. Connect the long time that produce new man communicating and making the rules of the relationship between members of the public.
4. Being a system that raises living together culture and relation to one another as members of society.
c.
Characteristic /
Criteria Good Society
According to Marion Levy takes four criteria that must be met in order for a human set of be said / called society:
1. There is a major action system.
2. Mutual loyal to the main action system.
3. Able to withstand more than the lifetime of a member.
4. some or all entire new members come from the birth / human reproduction.
According to Marion Levy takes four criteria that must be met in order for a human set of be said / called society:
1. There is a major action system.
2. Mutual loyal to the main action system.
3. Able to withstand more than the lifetime of a member.
4. some or all entire new members come from the birth / human reproduction.
d.
COMMUNITY GROUPS
1. Simple Society.
In simple societies (primitive) patterns of division of labor tends to be differentiated according to gender. The division of labor by sex, seems to stem from the starting of the background of the weakness and physical abilities between a woman and a man in the face of the challenges of nature.
2. Forward Society.
Advanced society has a variety of social group needs, or better known as sebuatan group community organizations grow and evolve based on the needs and specific objectives to be achieved.
3. Non Industrial Society.
Broadly speaking, the national group or non-industrial civil society organizations can be classified into two categories, namely primary group (primary group) and the secondary group (secondary group).
1. Simple Society.
In simple societies (primitive) patterns of division of labor tends to be differentiated according to gender. The division of labor by sex, seems to stem from the starting of the background of the weakness and physical abilities between a woman and a man in the face of the challenges of nature.
2. Forward Society.
Advanced society has a variety of social group needs, or better known as sebuatan group community organizations grow and evolve based on the needs and specific objectives to be achieved.
3. Non Industrial Society.
Broadly speaking, the national group or non-industrial civil society organizations can be classified into two categories, namely primary group (primary group) and the secondary group (secondary group).
a. Primary
group
In the primary group, the interaction between members established more intensive, more closely, more familiar. The primary group is also called the "face to face group", because the group members often engage in dialogue, face to face, because it was to know each other more closely, more intimate .Character of interaction patterned primary groups based on kinship and sympathy.
The division of labor or the division of tasks in the group, which receive and execute tasks don’t forcible, more emphasis on awareness, responsibility and the members took place on the basis of sympathy and voluntarily. Examples of primary groups, among others: family, neighborhood, study groups, religious groups, and so forth.
In the primary group, the interaction between members established more intensive, more closely, more familiar. The primary group is also called the "face to face group", because the group members often engage in dialogue, face to face, because it was to know each other more closely, more intimate .Character of interaction patterned primary groups based on kinship and sympathy.
The division of labor or the division of tasks in the group, which receive and execute tasks don’t forcible, more emphasis on awareness, responsibility and the members took place on the basis of sympathy and voluntarily. Examples of primary groups, among others: family, neighborhood, study groups, religious groups, and so forth.
b. secondary group
Between members of the secondary group, adrift indirect mutual relations, formal, less also be kinship. Therefore, the nature of the interaction, the division of labor among the members of the group are set on the basis of rational considerations. Objective.
The members accept the division of labor / tasks on the basis of ability: specific skills, in addition to the dedication required.
Such things were necessary to achieve the specific goals and objectives that have been dif lot in programs that have been agreed upon. Examples of secondary groups, for example: political parties, associations of trade unions / labor unions, professional organizations and so on.
4. Industrial Society
If the complex division of labor increases, a sign that the higher the capacity of the community. Solidarity is based on a relationship of interdependence between groups of people who have known specialization. A kind of autonomy, is also a characteristic of part or industry groups. A kind of autonomy can be interpreted by the intelligence / special skills of a person independently, to a certain extent.
e.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, AND SOCIETY.
Aspects of individuals, groups, communities are social aspects that can not be separated. All three have a very close relationship. If there is no individual there is no group, if there is no family group would not exist, if there is no family would not society. While on the other hand to develop as human existence, the individual in need families and communities, namely the medium in which people can express their social aspects
Aspects of individuals, groups, communities are social aspects that can not be separated. All three have a very close relationship. If there is no individual there is no group, if there is no family group would not exist, if there is no family would not society. While on the other hand to develop as human existence, the individual in need families and communities, namely the medium in which people can express their social aspects
